Quote:
Originally Posted by RandallNeighbour
Uh oh. I drive the piss out of my car every Sunday morning on the way to church. I near-redline it every time I drive it, Sundays included!
Basically, I feel the need to have something to confess when I get to church, but I'm not really repentant so I don't think it really counts.
Richard, I did read just today in Panorama's tech section where someone said it is good to near-redline a Porsche engine once in a while to blow out all the carbon buildup that might have accumulated from putzing around in the city and not running the engine hard.
So my question is, where is the carbon building up anyway? The heads?
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Hi,
Randall, Carbon will build up on the Piston Domes, the Combustion Chamber (underside of Head and Uppermost part of Cylinder - above Piston Height at TDC) and on the Valve Seats and Valve Face. It can also migrate into the Valve Guides in extreme cases.
Although some Carbon is inevitable, most of it occurs from unburnt Fuel on deceleration. No Fuel Metering System (EFI or Carburettor) is instantaneous. If you're cruising at mid-to-upper RPMs, the Fuel Metering System is supplying more Fuel to the Cylinder. But, when you lift off the throttle such as when decelerating and shifting, more fuel is still being introduced for a short time before the system can adjust, usually only for a couple cycles, but still more than can combust completely, so some of the by-product of this incomplete combustion is molecular Carbon (as opposed to CO or COČ) which condenses on the surfaces mentioned above.
There are several problems with excessive Carbon build-up. It effectively reduces the volume of the Combustion Chamber which can lead to detonation from the resulting higher Compression Ratio. It acts as an insulator on the Valve Face and underside of the Head. This reduces the Heat Transfer from the Combustion Chamber and Valve, In the case of the Valve, it can get hot enough to warp and no longer seal properly or literally burn.
Remember, the only cooling the Valve gets is when it's in contact with the Head and can transfer it's Heat to the Head to be carried away by the Coolant (Valve in Closed position).
Also, Carbon buildup on the Valve Seat can interfere with the Valve Seal leading to lower compression as the Valve is now partially open on the Compression Stroke. This can have a cascading effect because it causes more incomplete combustion and greater condensation of Carbon (remember Carbon comprises 80% of Gasoline). Additionally, for the Exhaust Valve, if it remains partially open, it allows combusted gasses to escape rather than pushing down the Piston robbing Power.
It also insulates the Head preventing efficient Heat transfer from the Cylinder, leading to Head warpage.
Carbon on the Piston Domes can lead to improper Flamefronts, detonation, warping of the Piston, and premature wear of the Wrist Pin and Small End Bearings.
Some degree of Carbon is useful and is actually expected to provide some additional lubrication and sealing. A properly tuned engine will maintain this correct amount.
But, having said all this, there is some
fallacy to the practice of running the engine at high revs to
burn this Carbon. Carbon is an
element and thus cannot be burned or further broken down.
Running for long durations at high RPMs
can break the mechanical bond some of this Carbon has with the engine internals, and then literally blow it out of the engine and into the exhaust system as particulate matter.
But, the key here is
sustained periods of high RPMs, not running up to Redline between shifts. You can actually create
more condensed Carbon with this practice as you lift to swap gears and the engine decelerates resulting in a negative sum gain. And, if you think about it, you're actually running a compromised engine at high RPMs and actually contributing to any damaging side effects such as increased Carbonizing and detonation.
But, in modern ECU controlled EFI engines, with today's much more highly refined gasoline, Carbon buildup is much reduced compared to earlier designs and engines simply do not
Carbon-Up as much from low or intermittent RPMs such as idling and Stop & Go driving. The main issue with these conditions is not condensation of Carbon, but the low operating efficiency of the Oil and Coolant Pumps, which are RPM dependent.
The best way to remove builtup Carbon in an engine is with the use of some solvent (engine additive) which will chemically loosen the Carbon so it can be removed from the system either as a particulate, or by being dissolved and combusted into a Carbon-bearing Gas (CO, COČ)...
Happy Motoring!... Jim'99