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Is there any evidence of coolant in the oil or vice versa?
The AOS is typically the cause of sudden smoke from the exhaust. Since it costs barely $100 and a couple hours of your time, it's worth doing before digging into serious head gasket inspections.
As for the actual diagnosis of a blown gasket, the coolant oil mixing is one indicator, as is overheating. A white buildup or heavy black sooting of an individual spark plug is another indicator. A leakdown test could be performed which pressurizes each cylinder individually, then you look for evidence of coolant bubbling or air hissing through the oil filler pipe.
The coolant system can be pressurized as well, tehn a borescope inspection done on the individual cylinders to look for the presence of coolant.
Do the AOS first!
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